Brief History of Hingyon,Ifugao

1. Brief History of Hingyon

Etymology

The name “HINGYON” was derived from the Ifugao term “HING-NGIYON”, meaning a diversion from a major route. The main route then, and even now, is the national road connecting the municipalities of Lagawe and Banaue and the diversion road is at Barangay Piwong, now a part of Hingyon, going towards the municipal mainland.

1.1.      Creation of the Municipality

The Municipality of Hingyon was created by virtue of BATAS PAMBANSA Bilang 239, under P.D No. 1527 on September 12, 1982. This law states:

Sec. 2. The Municipality of Hingyon shall be bounded as.

“The boundary line of the new Municipality of Hingyon starts from the southernmost point of Ulling Mountain following the ridge of Nabatuan which is between barangay Cudog and Barangay Bangtinon. From there the line drops down to Awwa following the boundary between Barangay Cudog and Barangay Piwong. Turning eastward the line follows the ridge to Tuking along the boundary between Barangay Cudog and Barangay Anao. Then the line turns northward across the Anao River towards Mount Atugo following the boundary between Barangay Burnay and Barangay Anao. From Mount Atugo, the line turns eastward, drops down the ridge at Nundotallan which is the boundary between Barangay Burnay and Barangay Mompolia. Continuing down to the Umalbong River following the boundary between Barangay Burnay and Barangay Umalbong, the line goes across the river and climbs to the top of Mount Kahibag following the boundary between Barangay Boliwong and Barangay Umalbong. From this point, the line turns northward along the top ridges of Mount Kahibag, Mount Mungnginil and Mount Binanhayan which is the boundary line between Barangay Montabiong and Barangay Umalbong. From Mount Binanhayan, the line continues to the Iwigan Saddle where it turns northwestward following the boundary between Sitio Lapitan of Barangay Ducligan and Sitio Humalophop of Barangay Banao and between Sitio Ambawigon of Barangay Ducligan and Sitio Humalophop, all in Banaue municipality. The line reaches the Palo Mountain and from there, it drops downward on the slopes of Indonaal to the Banaue River at Guilot where if follows upstream the boundary between Barangay Kinakin and Barangay Ubuag. Going upstream the line reaches a point which is the boundary between Sitio Nabyon and Barangay Ubuag where it turns westward toward the Panawatan Mountain behind Ingunguy which is the boundary between Barangay Amaganad and Barangay Cababuyan. From Ingunguy, the line follows the Pongngot Ridge between sitio Lugo and Barangay Amganad until Puhpuh where it crosses the national road to follow the boundary between Sitio Amgode and Barangay O-ong. The line turns southward following the Anapawon Ridge which is the boundary between Lingay and O-ong, Lingay and Pitawan, and the Nungkigadan and Barangay Bangtinon until it reaches the southernmost point of Ulling Mountain. where the line started. All the area encompassed by this line becomes the territorial jurisdiction of the new Municipality of Hingyon.” (Source MPDC files)

Hingyon consisted then of eleven (11) barangays which were formerly parts of the municipalities of Lagawe and Banaue. On September 6, 1991, by virtue of Sangguniang Panlalawigan Resolution No.236, Series of 1991, Barangay Cababuyan was divided into Cababuyan North and South, thus, there became twelve (12) Barangays of the municipality (Table 1).

 

 

 

Table 1. List of Barangays

 

FORMERLY PART OF LAGAWE	FORMERLY PART OF BANAWE
1.Anao	1. Cababuyan-North
2.Bangtinon	2.Cababuyan-South
3.Bitu	3.O-0ng
4.Mompolia	4.Ubuag
5.Namulditan
6.Piwong
7.Poblacion
8.Umalbong

Source: MPDC office, Hingyon, Ifugao

1.2.      Cultural Background

If legend is to be believed, the people of Hingyon, like all other Ifugaos, are descendants of the first man and woman on earth. The man is named Wigan and the woman Bugan. They had children and the intermarriages of their offspring produced the people of Ifugao. In Hingyon, throughout the generations, there emerged three (3) distinct tribes. These are the Munkalyon Tribe (barangays Anao, Namulditan,Bangtinon, Bitu, and Piwong), the Mun-alyon Tribe (barangays Cababuyan North, Cababuyan South, O-ong, Ubuag, Umalbong, Mompolia and Poblacion), and the Ayangan tribe of Humalophop, Mompolia. The distinction is reflected in the pronunciation and intonation of the Ifugao dialect.

Based on accounts of American anthropologists like Samuel Kane, Harold Conklin, and Otley Beyer after Spain seceded the Philippines to the Americans in the early 1900’s, the early people of Hingyon (who were then included in Banaue and Lagawe) were pagans. They adored idols and practiced many rituals. Almost all occasions, whether merry making or mourning, call for the butchering of chickens, pigs or carabaos and drinking of the “baya” (native ricewine). In fact, one indication of the socio-economic status of an individual (or household) is the number of pigs or carabaos he has butchered, since this practice of butchering usually goes hand in hand with the collective wide area of his rice terraces. The more terraces he owned, the wealthier he is, the more respected he is in the village and the adjoining villages. Perhaps to inform strangers who come to the village, the house of the “kadangyan” (rich) is adorned by the skulls of carabaos butchered in the past.

As modernization came in, it brought changes in the villages including perceptions of people. Due to economic constraints (which has a direct impact to the butchering of ritual animals) and the entry of modern education and religion, many rituals have become things of the past. For instance, a new concept of “kadangyan” emerged in the villages. No longer were those who owned the widest terraces considered as rich, but rather, those who owned much money, or who earned much cash whether local or abroad. The terraces which were the symbols of wealth became symbols of hard labor, illiteracy, and poverty. The rituals and icons intended to please the “gods” for a bountiful harvest became idols of paganism and acts of worshipping them were considered “unchristian”. Respect shifted from the “kadangyan” or “muntonah” (who owned the widest terraces in the village) to people considered “educated”, and those who had much money.

Fortunately, some of the favorable cultural practices still persist up to the present.

1.3.      Political Administration

From the time it was created into a municipality, Hingyon came under the leadership of several political administrations. As expected for a new municipality, the early sets of municipal officials were presidential appointees recommended by whoever was the congressman or governor then. It was only during the elections of 1987 that the first elected officials came to power. Table 2 shows the sequence of political leadership throughout the years, which has played a vital role in the shaping of present day Hingyon.

Table 2. Political Leadership Through the Years

POSITION	NAMES OF MUNICIPAL OFFICIALS
	TENURE: Feb. 3, 1983-Jan. 1984	Tenure: May 14, 1984-Aug. 6, 1986	Tenure: August 7, 1986-Nov. 15, 1986
Mayor	Julio Canato	Francisco Uyami	Alex Dulnuan
Vice-Mayor	Oscar Lagayan	Segundo Buminaang	Ramon Dulnuan
Councilor	Emilio Gallangi	Delfin Otgalon	Jesus Ambojnon
Councilor	Marcelo Dominong	Washington Kimayong	Peter Calingayan
Councilor	Ceasario Binwag	Tomas Tuguinay	Mariano Basilio
Councilor	Angelina Dogwe	Pilar Gallangi	Rafael Buyuccan
Councilor	Andrew Ogayan	Maria Cawal-o
Councilor	Pedro Binwag	Peter Humiwat
Councilor	Betty Pegew	Mariano Basilio
Councilor	Modesto Yogyog	Rafael Buyuccan
		Daniel Bulintao

In yet another political appointment, Rafael Buyuccan became OIC Vice Mayor from March 26, 1987 until December 31, 1987[1].

The next election supposedly on December 1987 was postponed to January 8, 1988. The results of that election and the succeeding elections in 1992 and 1995 are also shown below.

 

POSITION	NAMES OF MUNICIPAL OFFICIALS
	Tenure: January 8, 1988-June 30, 1992	Tenure: July 1, 1992-June 30, 1995	Tenure: July 1,1995-June30, 1998
Mayor	Ramon Dulnuan	Alex D. Kindipan	Geraldo D. Luglug
Vice-Mayor	Peter Calingayan	Alberto C. Habbiling	Alberto C. Habbiling
Councilor	Teodoro Hewe	Geraldo Nanglegan	Emilio Bay-ong
Councilor	Romeo Padduyao	Ventura Buyuccan	Francisco Gano
Councilor	Teddy Biwit	Ferdinand Olnanigon	Anita Gulgulway
Councilor	Dionisio Binwag	Joseph Duy-unon	Joseph Duy-unon
Councilor	Miguel Ballogan	Anita Gulgulway	Ferdinand Olnanigon
Councilor	Jesus Ambojnon	Pedro Hiadan	Dionisio Baguidudol
Councilor		Rafael Buyuccan	Aquilino Namingit
Councilor		Mario Lupai	Andres Liwayan
ABC President		Francisco Gano	Roberto Binwag
SK Chairman		Frederick Caclini	Romando Hewe

 

The 1991 Local Government Code provided for the ABC President and SK Chairman positions.

The elections in 1998, 2001, and 2004 are shown below.

POSITION	NAMES OF MUNICIPAL OFFICIALS
	Tenure: July 1, 1998-June 30, 2001	Tenure: July 1, 2001-June 30, 2004	Tenure: July 1, 2004-June 30, 2007
Mayor	Alberto C. Habbiling	Alex D. Kindipan	Gerald D. Luglug
Vice-Mayor	Joseph Duy-unon	Aquilino Namingit	Lolita D. Habbiling
Councilor	Napoleon Binwag	Napoleon Binwag	Isabel A. Bittag
Councilor	David Dumangeng	Joaquin Nalula	Jackson K. Nginhena
Councilor	Leo Cayong	Gilbert Aclibon	Moses P. Dupahnay
Councilor	Pedro Hiadan	Isidro Bulayo	Mario B. Buyuccan
Councilor	Ventura Buyuccan	Bernard Dogwe	Marcos L. Bantiyan
Councilor	Aquilino Namingit	Ferdinand Olnanigon	James G. Banawol
Councilor	Emilio Bay-ong	Honorio Tindungan	Hazel T. Gayamo
Councilor	Padilla Bittag	Arsenio Habbiling	Bernardino N. Dogwe
ABC Pres	Mario Buyuccan	Mario Buyuccan	Edward L. Numbalang
SK Chairman	Romando Hewe	Romando Hewe	Felix M. Nahiwan

 

The 2007 and 2010 elections yielded the results shown below. With reference to the formulation this CDP, it was done during the last months of the 2007 administration. It is the 2010 administration which shall implement this Plan.

The 2010 elections (second column) also marked the first automated elections nationwide.

POSITION	NAMES OF MUNICIPAL OFFICIALS
	Tenure: July 1, 2007-June 30, 2010	July 1, 2010 – June 30, 2013	July 1, 2013 – June 30 2016
Mayor	Ramon N. Tinawi	Mario B. Buyuccan	Geraldo D. Luglug
Vice-Mayor	Lolita D. Habiling	Marcos L. Bantiyan	Alberto C. Habiling
Councilor	Laurence T. Nadugo	Emilio M. Bay-ong	Avelino T. Dinamling
Councilor	Marcos L. Bantiyan	Baltazar Bango	James Banawol
Councilor	Rufino N. Naboye	James Banawol,	Laurence T. Nadugo
Councilor	Avelino T. Dinamling	Francis Baguidudol,	Marvin D. Habbiling
Councilor	Isabel A. Bittag	Romando Hewe	Elmo D. Kinnud
Councilor	Emilio M. Bay-ong	Geraldo D. Luglug	Aquilino C. Namingit
Councilor	Mario B. Buyuccan	Avelino T. Dinamling	Imelda M. Bulayo
Councilor	Ferdinand Olnanigon	Isabel Bittag	Jimmy U. Palaguitang
ABC Pres	Ventura P. Buyuccan	Johnny Binwag
SK Chairman	Vrenel G. Dogwe	Ronel Gayamo Joseph Ambojnon

 

The 2010 elections was significant for the Municipality of Hingyon where the municipality stamped its political prowess over hapless rivals. Candidates from the municipality were runaway winners from the positions of governor, vice governor, and five(5) Sangguniang Panlalawigan members.

In the race for the councilors’ representative to the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, Councilor Gerald Luglug won as PCL President. Following him was SK Federation president Ronel Gayamo, so he has to be replaced by his vice chairman, Joseph Ambojnon in the municipal level.

The 2013 elections resulted to the new set of municipal officials shown in the last column of the previous table. The latest barangay elections last October 2013 will elect the new ABC President. The position for SK Federation was abolished by congress and senate.

The next elections will be in 2016.

2. Physical Characteristics

2.1       Geographic Location, and Political Boundaries

 

Hingyon is approximately located at latitude 16’51’ and at longitude 121’06’. It is nestled atop and along slopes of towering mountains at the heart of the province. It is bounded on the North and East by the Municipality of Banawe, on the South by Lagawe, Ifugao and on the West by Kiangan, Ifugao.

 

 

 

2.2       Land Area

 

Hingyon is the smallest municipality in the Province of Ifugao in terms of land area. It has a total land area of 11,455.96 hectares or 4.55 % of the entire area of the province (see Table 3).

 

Table 3 – Land Area Per Municipality

 

     Source: PPDO, Lagawe, Ifugao

 

2.3       Climate Conditions

 

Hingyon is blessed with temperate climate with distinct dry and wet seasons. Dry season starts from   late March to early June with the hottest days starting from mid April to May. The wet season starts from June to early March with the coolest months starting from late November to late February.

 

2.4       Rainfall

 

Heaviest rains occur during the months of July and August with an average rainfall of 815 millimeters.

 

2.5       Typhoon

 

Hingyon is visited by typhoons during the rainy months of July to November. High mountain ranges shield the area from devastating effect of typhoons.

 

2.6       Topography

 

The topography of Hingyon is characterized by steep slopes and V-shaped gullies carved by turbulent waters of intermittent streams. The inevitable erosions that take place each year make the slope steeper and create more barren lands that mark the otherwise intact watersheds. The Hingyon river flows year-round through the heart of the municipality, carrying with it soil deposits and creating steep cliffs and uncovering gigantic rocks along its course.   To top all these, the peaks of Mt. Atugo at the south and Mt. Anapawon on the west are citadels to the rugged panorama. Table 4 shows the slope classifications (and area covered) for the municipality.

 

Table 4 – Slope Classification and Area Covered

 

SLOPE RANGE AND CLASSIFICATION	Area (Hectares)	%-age To Total Area	Description
0%-8%	331.08	2.89	Level to undulating
8%-18%	494.90	4.32	Undulating to rolling
18%-30%	942.83	8.23	Rolling to moderately steep
30%-50%	2169.76	18.94	Steep slope, mountainous and hilly sloping in many directions
50% and above	7517.40	65.62	Very steep and mountainous and sloping in many direction

       Source: MAO Files

 

2.7       Slopes

 

The slope classifications of Hingyon are shown characterized into the following.

 

Table 5 – Slope Classification

 

DESCRIPTION	SLOPE RANGE	AREA	PERCENT
R   Very Steep	> 50	4,582.38	40
Q   Steep Hills and     M’tains	30-50	4,009.59	35
P   Rolling to Hilly	18-30	1,718.39	15
N Gently Sloping to Undulating	3-8	801.92	7
M   Level to Gently sloping	0-3	348.68	3
TOTAL		11,455.96	100

       Source: Slope Map-DAF- Bureau of Soils, Ifugao

 

 

2.8       Land Capability and Geologic Characteristics and Resources

 

So far, there are still no data on the land capability characteristics and resources of Hingyon. This covers soil and geologic rock formations

 

2.9       Geologic Hazards

No fault line that could constraint development traverses the municipality. However, it has landslides along road-cuts and tops of terraces and thin weathering profile exposed to rapid erosion by dense run-off drainage gully system on bedrock with very poor water holding capacities particularly in steep mountain slopes.

 

2.10     Water Bodies

 

The municipality has rich water resources. Aside from the Hingyon   River, which passes through the heart of the municipality, there is also the Banawe River that marks the boundary at the northern portion.

 

There are several live springs, streams and creeks within the municipality. These water bodies serve as sources of water supply for both domestic and agricultural uses aside from acting as drainage passages.

 

2.11     Land Classification

 

Per provision of P.D. 705, the whole area of Hingyon is classified as forestland. It forms part at the watershed that feeds the Magat River Basin. It is with fervent hope that with the implementation of the IPRA Law and PD573 which prioritizes land ownership will help ease this concern.

 

Table 6 : Land Classification

Name Of Barangay	Land Classification (hectares)
	Agricultural	Residen tial	Institu tional	Commercial	Undeclared	Total
TOTAL	5340.13	83.28	11.57	0.145	5653.54	11,455.96

 

3. Population

The latest CBMS (Community – Based Monitoring System) survey conducted in 2012 reveals that Hingyon has a population of 9,323. Of this figure, males outnumber the females by 286. Table 6 below shows the household population by sex and by barangay.

Table 6 – Population distribution by sex and by barangay

2012	Male	Female	Total Population
HINGYON	4804	4518	9323
Anao	204	187	391
Bangtinon	180	156	336
Bitu	243	253	497
Cababuyan North	415	412	827
Cababuyan South	328	318	646
Mompolia	588	543	1131
Namulditan	483	443	926
O-ong	808	757	1565
Piwong	553	534	1087
Poblacion	477	413	890
Ubuag	175	150	325
Umalbong	350	352	702

 Source: 2012 CBMS survey compiled by the MPDC

Compared with the 2008 CBMS data, there is a decrease in population. The average annual growth rate (AAGR) for our municipality is -8.02. Table 7 below shows a comparison of both CBMS surveys.

Table 7 – The average annual growth rate (AAGR) by barangay

HINGYON	2007	2012	AAGR
	10,071	9,323	-8.02
Anao	425	391	-0.36
Bangtinon	304	336	0.34
Bitu	478	497	0.2
Cababuyan North	845	827	-0.19
Cababuyan South	672	646	-0.28
Mompolia	1,319	1,131	-2.02
Namulditan	1,048	926	-1.31
O-ong	1,817	1,565	-2.7
Piwong	1,138	1,087	-0.55
Poblacion	960	890	-0.75
Ubuag	331	325	-0.06
Umalbong	734	702	-0.34

 

Source: 2012 CBMS survey compiled by the MPDC

 

3.1       Population Density

Considering the last two CBMS surveys of 2008 and 2012, the change in population density is shown in Table 8 below.

Table 8 – Population Density in the two CBMS surveys

       Source: 2012 CBMS survey compiled and computed by the MPDC

Other demographic indicators like household size, sex and age disaggregation are shown on table 9 below.

 

 

 

 

Table 9 – Other demographic indicators

Indicator	Households
	Magnitude	Proportion	Magnitude
			Total	Male	Female
Population	2052		9323	4804	4518
Average household size	5
Children under 1 year old	177	8.6	185	90	95
Children under 5 years old	703	34.2	992	484	508
Children 0-5 years old	775	37.8	1208	600	608
Children 6-11 years old	756	36.8	1294	684	610
Children 6-12 years old	806	39.3	1492	792	700
Members 12-15 years old	611	29.8	842	411	431
Members 13-16 years old	627	30.6	873	418	455
Members 6-15 years old	961	46.8	2136	1095	1041
Members 6-16 years old	1006	49	2365	1210	1155
Members 10 years old and above	2052	100	7254	3743	3510

Source: 2012 CBMS survey compiled by the MPDC

4. Economy

Being created from the municipalities of Banaue and Lagawe, Hingyon is strategically located in between these two economic growth centers of Ifugao; Banaue being the tourism center, and Lagawe being the capital town and commercial hub aside from being the political seat of the provincial government. As such, Hingyon has the potential role to act as an expansion area for the economic activities of these two economic growth centers, and become an economic hub itself.

Presently, however, after 31 years of existence, Hingyon still has not totally detached itself economically from its mother municipalities. The barangays which were formerly part of Banaue still trade (meaning they do their marketing) at Banaue and the same is true with the barangays formerly part of Lagawe.

The economy of Hingyon is predominantly agriculture with rice as the major crop. Most farmers still do the traditional rice terrace farming especially in high elevation areas, although some warmer areas at lower elevation have done two-cropping system with success. Other products are fruits, vegetables and coffee. No agricultural product has yet reached commercial production volume to meet the market demand. Rice production is not even enough for the year round home consumption of most households especially those doing the traditional farming. Whatever excess products are traded at the local markets of Lagawe and Banaue.

4.1       Labor Force

Almost half of the Hingyon population are in the labor force. This comprises those aged 15 – 60 yrs old who are employed or capable of being employed and productive economically. A person becomes a member of the labor force upon reaching age 15, or upon graduation from a college course (including vocational) and gets out of it upon reaching 61. Table 10 below shows the members of the labor force by barangay and the proportion to the total population.

Table 10 – Members of the Labor Force Per Barangay

	Total Population	Total Members of the labor force	Male	Female	Labor Force Proportion
Hingyon	9323	3907	2271	1635	41.91
Anao	391	195	114	81	49.87
Bangtinon	336	133	85	48	33.58
Bitu	497	209	100	108	42.05
Cab North	827	353	200	153	42.68
Cab South	646	229	134	95	35.45
Mompolia	1131	518	295	223	45.80
Namulditan	926	392	222	170	42.33
O-ong	1565	650	370	280	41.53
Piwong	1087	420	250	170	38.64
Poblacion	890	330	212	118	37.08
Ubuag	325	151	93	58	46.46
Umalbong	702	327	196	131	46.58

Source: 2012 CBMS survey compiled and computed by the MPDC

4.2 Employment

Based on the 2012 CBMS survey, the employment rate of Hingyon is a high 97.85%. In other words, of the 3907 total members of the labor force which, 3,823 are employed. We must hasten to explain, however, that aside from those already employed, the 2012 CBMS survey considers someone employed if he/she had worked for even once in the past month, or he/she had been actively seeking for work for the past two weeks at the time of the survey. Table 11 below shows the employment data.

Table 11 – Employment by Sex by Barangay

Barangay	Number of Members of The Labor Force			Employed Members of the Labor Force*
				Magnitude*			Proportion**
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
HINGYON	3907	2271	1635	3823	2228	1594	97.85	98.11	97.49
Anao	195	114	81	190	112	78	97.44	98.25	96.3
Bangtinon	133	85	48	133	85	48	100	100	100
Bitu	209	100	108	207	100	106	99.04	100	98.15
Cababuyan North	353	200	153	346	196	150	98.02	98	98.04
Cababuyan South	229	134	95	224	130	94	97.82	97.01	98.95
Mompolia	518	295	223	504	287	217	97.3	97.29	97.31
Namulditan	392	222	170	374	211	163	95.41	95.04	95.88
O-ong	650	370	280	639	365	274	98.31	98.65	97.86
Piwong	420	250	170	411	248	163	97.86	99.2	95.88
Poblacion	330	212	118	326	209	117	98.79	98.58	99.15
Ubuag	151	93	58	148	92	56	98.01	98.92	96.55
Umalbong	327	196	131	321	193	128	98.17	98.47	97.71
*Employed members of the labor force. Labor force members includes all members 15 years old and above who are currently working or actively seeking for work.
**Number of Employed members of the labor force over total number members of the labor force
Source: CBMS Census 2012

 

Consequently, the unemployment data is shown below.

Table 12 – Unemployment By Sex, By Barangay

	Number of Members of the Labor Force			Unemployed Members of the Labor Force
	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
HINGYON	3907	2271	1635	85	44	41
Anao	195	114	81	5	2	3
Bangtinon	133	85	48	0	0	0
Bitu	209	100	108	2	0	2
Cababuyan North	353	200	153	7	4	3
Cababuyan South	229	134	95	5	4	1
Mompolia	518	295	223	14	8	6
Namulditan	392	222	170	18	11	7
O-ong	650	370	280	12	6	6
Piwong	420	250	170	9	2	7
Poblacion	330	212	118	4	3	1
Ubuag	151	93	58	3	1	2
Umalbong	327	196	131	6	3	3
*Unemployed members of the labor force. Labor force members includes all members 15 years old and above who are currently working or actively seeking for work. **Number of unemployed members of the labor force over total number members of the labor force Source: CBMS Census 2012

 

Table 13 below shows the type of employment and the class of workers in Hingyon.

 

Table 13. Employment Type and Class of worker by sex
Municipality		Number of Number of Employed Persons			Class of worker*
					Magnitude*					Proportion**
		Total	Male	Female	Total	Male		Fem		Total		Male		Fem
HINGYON		3823	2228	1594
Worked for a household					297	101		196		7.77		4.53		12.3
Worked for a private establishment					1243	878		365		32.51		39.41		22.9
Worked for govt/ govt corporation					461	182		278		12.06		8.17		17.44
Self employed w/o employees					599	366		233		15.67		16.43		14.62
Employer in own family-operated farm or business					107	51		56		2.8		2.29		3.51
Worked with pay on own family operated farm or business					271	167		104		7.09		7.5		6.52
Worked without pay on own family operated farm or business					1050	511		539		27.47		22.94		33.81
Working for government of another country					27	6		21		0.71		0.27		1.32
*Workers by class
**Number of employed by class over total number of employed persons
Source: CBMS Census 2012

 

4.3 Poverty and Food Threshold

The critical poverty threshold level may be attributed to the lack of employment opportunities and the non-availability of investment opportunities municipal wide. The equally critical food threshold level may be traced to the predominantly subsistence agriculture level of livelihood of the people. Employment in the agriculture sector is seasonal and short term with very low wages. Tables 14, 15 and 16 below show the poverty and food threshold data of Hingyon on the household level.

Table 14 – Income and Livelihood Indicators

INDICATORS	Households		Population
	Magnitude	Proportion	Total	Male	Female
Households with income below poverty threshold	1,184	57.7	6,138	3,151	2,986
Households with income below food threshold	836	40.7	4,712	2,451	2,260
Households who experienced food shortage	1	0	10	4	6
Unemployed members of the labor force	68	3.6	85	44	41

Source: 2012 CBMS survey compiled by the MPDC

Table 15. Poverty Threshold by Barangay
		Number Of Households	Households With Income Below Poverty Threshold*
			Magnitude*				Proportion
HINGYON		2,052	1,184				57.7
	Anao	99	55				55.56
	Bangtinon	72	45				62.5
	Bitu	106	39				36.79
	Cababuyan North	180	107				59.44
	Cababuyan South	133	88				66.17
	Mompolia	264	174				65.91
	Namulditan	200	132				66
	O-ong	336	195				58.04
	Piwong	226	53				23.45
	Poblacion (Hingyon)	204	144				70.59
	Ubuag	82	54				65.85
	Umalbong	150	98				65.33
* Current thresholds are estimated, when the official is not applicable to the reference period, by projecting the official NSCB thresholds using prevailing prices. The currently used poverty thresholds are: 18876 (Rural) and 19526 (Urban).
Source: 2012 CBMS survey
Table 16. Food Threshold Level by Barangay
Barangay		Number Of Households		Households With Income Below Food Threshold*
				Magnitude*			Proportion**
HINGYON		2052		836			40.74
Anao		99		43			43.43
Bangtinon		72		23			31.94
Bitu		106		22			20.75
Cababuyan		133		73			54.89
Mompolia		264		126			47.73
Namulditan		200		100			50
O-ong		336		145			43.15
Piwong		226		15			6.64
Poblacion (Hingyon)		204		105			51.47
Ubuag		82		31			37.8
Umalbong		150		76			50.67
Northern Cababuyan		180		77			42.78
*Households with income below food threshold. Current thresholds are estimated, when the official is not applicable to the reference period, by projecting the official NSCB thresholds using prevailing prices. The currently used food thresholds are:13184 (Rural) and 13638 (Urban).
Source: 2012 CBMS survey